Careers booklet task

Task 2
Part time: This refers to working or studying fewer hours that a full time working week. An example that relates to me would be my Sunday job at ASDA. Because I am contracted only 6 hours a week this would be categorized as a part time job.

Full time: This refers to working a job or studying usually at least 30 hours a week. An example of this would be when i was completing a welding and fabrication apprenticeship at a sheet metal work shop called Abro. I worked 42 hours a week there from Monday to Friday making it a full time job.

GCSE: This is a qualification taken buy high school students usually between the ages of 14 and 16. Each GCSE is taken in a specific subject and stand for general certificate of secondary education.. The qualification is internationally recognised  and is taken over two years. This qualification is equivalent to a level 2 and sits below the A level. Whilst I was attending high school I attained 11 GCSE's.

AS/A level: The General Certificate of Education Advanced Level, or more commonly, the A Level, is a school leaving qualification offered by educational bodies to students completing secondary or pre-university education. Obtaining A-levels or equivalent qualifications is required for university entrance.

A Levels are generally worked towards over two years and split into two parts, with one part studied in each year. The first part is known as the Advanced Subsidiary Level, or AS Level. The second part is known as the A2 Level and is more in depth and academically rigorous than the AS Level. The AS Level is a qualification in its own right, and the AS Level combined with the A2 Level forms the complete A Level qualification. Obtaining A levels or equivalent qualifications is required for university entrance. I personally am studying 1 A level in English language and have recently completed the AS level.

Level 2,3 and 4:
 Level 4 : These qualifications recognise specialist learning and involve detailed analysis of a high level of information and knowledge in an area of work or study. Learning at this level is appropriate for people working in technical and professional jobs, and/or managing and developing others. Level 4 qualifications are at a level equivalent to Certificates of Higher Education.
HNC
BTEC Level 4 Higher National Certificate
Level 4 Professional Diploma
Level 4 Professional Certificate
Level 4 Professional Award
Level 4 City and Guilds Institute Licentiateship
International Diploma in Computer Studies (IDCS) NCC Education UK.
C (Certificate)
Diploma
Certificate of Higher Education

Level 3: Level 3 qualifications recognise the ability to gain, and where relevant apply a range of knowledge, skills and understanding. Learning at this level involves obtaining detailed knowledge and skills. It is appropriate for people wishing to go to university, people working independently, or in some areas supervising and training others in their field of work.
A Level
AS Level
Cambridge Technical L3 Certificate
Cambridge Technical L3 Introductory Diploma
Cambridge Technical L3 Subsidiary Diploma
Cambridge Technical L3 Diploma
Cambridge Technical L3 Extended Diploma
BTEC Level 3 Certificate
BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma
BTEC Level 3 Diploma
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma
Level 3 International Certificate in Computer Studies(ICCS) NCC Education UK.
level 3 cpd
Level 3 NVQ
NEBOSH National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety.
Access to Higher Education Diploma
 
Level 2: Level 2 qualifications recognise the ability to gain a good knowledge and understanding of a subject area of work or study, and to perform varied tasks with some guidance or supervision. Learning at this level involves building knowledge and/or skills in relation to an area of work or a subject area and is appropriate for many job roles.
GCSE at grades A*–C
Cambridge Technical L2 Certificate
Cambridge Technical L2 Extended Certificate
Cambridge Technical L2 Diploma
Cambridge National L2 Award
Cambridge National L2 Certificate
Cambridge National L2 Diploma
BTEC Level 2 Award
BTEC Level 2 Certificate
BTEC Level 2 Extended Certificate
BTEC Level 2 Diploma
Level 2 DiDA
Level 2 CiDA
Level 2 NVQ

Pass, merit and distinction within BTEC:

These are the grades you can receive whilst taking a BTEC diploma course. Within the course I am taking, a level 3 creative media one, we can receive the above grades which are equivalent to certain A level grades. A pass is equivalent to an E grade, a merit is equivalent to a C grade and a D or D* are equivalent to an A or A* grade. I am currently working towards achieving a distinction grade in my first year of the double creative media course.

Vocational:

This type of qualification refers to work related learning in which you learn and complete course related to that area of work. An example of this would be the Level 3 fabrication and welding apprenticeship I was part of in which I worked full time in a sheet metal fabricating shop and attended college on Mondays. This involved both practical and academic assessments.

Bachelor of, Master of:
 Masters qualifications recognise highly developed, advanced and complex levels of knowledge which enable the development of in-depth and original responses to complicated and unpredictable problems and situations. Learning at this level involves the demonstration of high level specialist professional knowledge and is appropriate for senior professionals and senior managers.

Bachelors degrees recognise a specialist high level knowledge of an area of work or study to enable the use of an individual’s own ideas and research in response to complex problems and situations. Learning at this level involves the achievement of a high level of professional knowledge and is appropriate for people working as knowledge-based professionals or in professional management positions. Often, registered professionals such as nurses, pharmacists, social workers, teachers and doctors enter their profession with a Bachelors degree.

After college I would like to study to a Bachelors degree in English language.

Graduate:
 This refers to a person who has completed their degree and has therefore graduated.


CV

Task 6 Requirements needed for Job roles.

Job roles prezi.

Ownership and funding

Ownership concepts:


Public service broadcasting.

Public service broadcasting refers to Television programmes more for public benefit rather than commercial reasons. These are partly owned by the government and can include local news broadcasts, arts programmes and religious broadcasts. For this reason they do not contain any advertisements in between as they are not for profit An example of a public service broadcast would be the a local weather forecast. Here is a video from the local news programme Look East:

Commercial Broadcasting

Also known as private broadcasting of television and radio by privately owned corporate media as opposed to Public service broadcasting which would or could be state sponsored. The primary function of commercial broadcasting is to make profit through the showing of advertisements. Companies will pay a lot of money to air their adverts on the broadcasters channel. Again this contrasts to public broadcasting channels like the BBC who receive money from the government and TV licences. In the United states Channels such as HBO are funded through subscriptions rather than adverts. An example of a commercial broadcaster that uses advertisements would be channel 4.

Corporate and private ownership.

This refers to a company that is privately owned by share holders and exists purely for profit. These companies manage there own stock between the few share holders and do not sell there stock to the general public on the stock market but is instead exchanged privately. Though these companies are less heard of than publicly traded companies privately owned companies are an extremely important part of the economy. In 2008 the 441 biggest privately owned companies in the US accounted for $1.8 Trillion of the economy and employed 6.2 million people. An example of a large privately owned company would be Rolex the watch manufacturer. Forbes ranked Rolex as the 72nd most powerful global brand in 2014.

Global companies.

These are companies that operate on a global scale. To be considered a truly global company or multi national enterprise (MNE) it is said the company needs to have at least 20% of its sales in each of at least 3 continental markets. Global companies include Unilever and Walmart and they produce profits from countries all of the world, with Walmart being the third highest employer in the world coming closely behind the U.S defence department and the Chinese peoples liberation army.

Vertical integration.

This is when a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path, for example when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor. Vertical integration can help companies reduce costs and improve efficiency by decreasing transportation expenses and reducing turnaround time. However, sometimes it is more effective for a company to rely on the expertise and economies of scale of other vendors rather than be vertically integrated. An example of a company that uses this business model would be Apple. Apple has used vertical integration for the last 35 years helping minimize costs and maximize profits. They control the manufacturing, transportation and selling and as seen they have grown to become the leading smart phone company in the world.

Horizontal integration.

 Horizontal integration is a business strategy where a company creates or acquires other businesses which are either complementary or competitive. One example would be when a company acquires competitors in the same industry doing the same stage of production for the creation of a monopoly.Another example would be the owning of a group of products which are alike, yet at different price points and qualities. This strategy may reduce competition and increase market share such as owning two car companies which do exactly the same thing, but one does it at a cheaper rate. A recent example of horizontal integration taking place would be the recent merger of Heinz and Kraft foods making them one company. 

Funding types.

Licence fee.

In the UK any household watching or recording live television as they are being broadcast has to hold a television licence. Businesses, hospitals, schools and a range of other organisations also have to hold television licences to watch and record live TV broadcasts. Since the 1st April 2010 the annual licence fee has is £145 for each year. Income from the licence is mostly used to fund the television, radio and online services of the BBC. The total income from licence fees was £3.7261 billion in 2013–14 of which 607.8 million was provided by the Government through concessions for those over the age of 75. Thus, the licence fee made up the bulk of the BBC's total income of £5.066 billion in 2013–2014.

Subscription.

A subscription normally refers to a monthly payment which in turn allows the user to access the services provided by the company or service provider the payment has been made to. This method of paying for services was first pioneered by newspapers and magazines and is now commonly used by buisnesses within the media industry such as TV providers like SKY and Virgin, on demand viewing providers like Netflix and Now TV and BT sport. Buisnesses often opt for this model instead of selling individually as it allows them to charge more for periodic access to multiple media. Some companies like apple offer Subscription based contracts for the payment of phones, these will usually come to total to more than it would cost to buy the phone and service in one go however this option allows customers to pay in smaller installments and results in more profit for the company so everyone wins.

One off payment to own a product.

This is probably the oldest form of payment and is pretty self explanatory involving paying once for a product and then owning it. Many products within the media industry operate through this way. For example purchasing a film off of the sky movies store in which you pay via the debit card associated with the sky subscription and you download the film onto your sky box which is then stored there permanently. Sky also then send a hard copy of the film to your residence allowing the film to then be removed from your hard drive so not to fill it up. This way of purchasing films online has now become far more common than purchasing hard copies from stores which again is another method of one off payment. iTunes would be another example of a service which utilities the one time payment method for the purchasing of products such as singles and albums which are then uploaded to your media device.

Pay per view.

This is a service in which subscribers to television providers such as Sky can can buy the privilege to watch events broadcast via private telecast. A recent example would be the Mayweather and Pacquio boxing fight which grossed over £410 million from pay per view purchases in the US alone. These events can be purchased through an on screen guide using a remote, via telephone or through a live customer service representative. These events are usually considerable significant or rare to warrant a method of to as to be financially viable enough people have to be willing to pay extra on top of there monthly subscriptions to watch the content.

Sponsorship.

This within media is when a company pays to be associated with or sponsor a particular event, product or person. On television the sponsor of a TV programme will feature before and the after the adverts. An example of this would be Talk Talk sponsoring The Xfactor and Morrisons sponsoring Britain's got talent. Companies like this will sponsor popular TV shows and events as it allows them to exploit the the commercial potential with it, in this case the fact that both of these programmes pull is massive ratings. Sponsors can even sponsor non profit organisation like charities for which the commercial benefit would be appearing like a "kind" company rather than a faceless enterprise.

Advertising

This is the method of paying broadcasters or media outlets like TV channels to feature your product or brand within there broadcasting. Companies will pay a lot of money to feature adverts on TV channels for short amounts of time and this in the primary source of funding for many TV channels. How much an advert costs depends on how long the advert is, what channel it is on and at what time the advert is aired. For example an avert that airs on ITV at peak viewing time will cost a lot more than and advert that airs on channel five during the middle of the day. Websites also feature advertisements which again are usually their primary source of income unless the website is associated with an established business. These work much in the same way advertisements shown on Television do with companies paying the owners of the website money to feature their ads. Another site which utilises advertisements it YouTube. Popular YouTube creators will enable YouTube to feature ads on their videos thus creating profit for both YouTube and the user who will receive payment related to the number of the views said video gets.

Product placement.

This is the featuring of products within television or films. Companies will offer to contribute to the developing of a film or TV programme in return for said programme or film featuring their brand or product. An example of this can be found in the Netflix original series House of Cards in which Sony would have paid a certain amount to have there product, or in this case several products feature within the series. This benefits both the production as it helps fund its creation, and also the product as it gives it exposure.This is a somewhat shameless example. 

Private capital.

Often with films individuals of substantial worth will put there own money in to developing a film. Many established film stars such as Tom Cruise will often feature in the credits of films under the title of producer meaning they have done exactly that. For doing so the producer will hope to make money back from the selling of the film at cinema and on DVD/blu-ray copies. Some example include the aforementioned Tom Cruise whose first time producing a film was the well known Mission Impossible (1996, Brian De Palma). Sometimes people who originally don't have anything to do with the film industry but have a keen interest will help finance films. An example of such a person would be Megan Ellison, daughter of billionaire Larry Ellison who has produced films like Zero Dark Thirty (2012, Kathryn Bigelow) which have earned her Oscar nominations.

Crowd Funding.

This is the method of proposing your idea to the public an asking for donations as to implement your idea. The most famous example of such a method would be the website kick starter which allows people to do exactly that, setting a target for you idea allowing people to contribute. If you reach your target you get to keep the money and if you don't reach the target you get nothing. An example would be the kick starter by Zach Braff who was trying to gain funding for his potential film Wish you were here. His video can be seen below.

Development Funds.

These are specially set up organisations that aid certain films with there development and funding. An example of such an organisation would be the British Film Institute which invest £26m of lottery funds to aid film development, production and distribution in the UK every year. To obtain such funding from the BFI movie creators will have to apply for the funding they need. If the application is successful then the funding will be received. Recent films the BFI have helped fund include Frank (2014, Lenny Abrahamson) and Mr Turner (2014, Mike Leigh).

Letter of complaint

To whom it may concern,

The purpose of this letter is to point out the contractual, legal and ethical issues with the job advertisement hiring an apprentice digital video production producer for Flipside Media. A contract is a legal agreement between employee and employer and when considering to agree to one or not taking special care to consider what you are being asked to do (Job role), when you are being asked to do it and the payment that is going to be received and how it will be received. Also sometimes featuring in contracts are confidentiality clauses which are agreements that if signed mean that certain specified information is not allowed to be shared with people unless permitted. These are commonly used within the film and television industry. An example of why one might be used is to ensure a film plot isn't leaked before release. Also featured are exclusivity clauses meaning a person cannot work for companies within the same sector, this can only feature in a contract and not a job application form.
In this job advertisement some infringements of law can be found and would need to be amended to make the advertisement legal. Firstly we can see the Equality Act 2010 is broken within this advertisement as we see it request applicants be "aged below 30" and have "Christian" beliefs. This doesn't comply with the Equality Act 2010 which encompasses the former Equal Pay Act 1970, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Race Discrimination Act 1976, Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Employment Equality (Religion or belief) Regulations 2003, Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 and the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006. We also see towards the bottom of the advert that it says " As we are a Christian lead organisation, you should promote the ideals of the Christian faith and try to encourage young people to contact us". This again could be seen to infringe the Equality Act 2010 on the basis of not allowing religious freedom.
Employees are responsible for the safety and well being of their employees and are liable for any physical or emotional harm as well as any employee acts or omissions whilst in their employment. This may cause problems for any applicants in regards to the application tasked mentioned in the advert. Applicants are required to make a short documentary to be shown to children at a high school to promote a "no means no date rape campaign" which should include "interviews with teenagers as well as victims and offenders". As the the documentary is of a sensitive nature and is going to be shown to children, you as the applicant wouldn't be protected by the potential employer if any issues were to arise from displeased parents as you would not yet be an employee nor would you be protected if any laws were broken because of proper permissions not being obtained before shooting. It also asked the applicant to utilize a popular soundtrack. This may also cause problems because most popular music will require the purchasing of a copyright for use which would be very expensive which you would not be covered for as again you would not be an employee. Although the advertisement does say the applicant will be recompensed this is only to the value of £20 which probably wouldn't cover the cost. Employees are also responsible for the health and safety of their employees while they are at work. If injured or if an illness is caused from work employees or former employees may claim compensation and The Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 ensures a minimum level of insurance cover against any such claims. Trade unions also exist to protect employees within the media industry, the most prominent being BECTU which provides a wide range of services to its 25,000 members, including:

• Negotiating pay, conditions and contracts with employers
• Personal advice and representation for individual members
• Advice and representation on health and safety
• Benefits and services for BECTU members
• Training support and courses
• Networking events and career development opportunities
• Union journal, Stage Screen and Radio, published six times a year.
• Website designed to improve access to the union's advice and support.

Codes of practice are not law however exist to protect usually the consumer and citizen and feature heavily within the film and television industry. Employers in this case Flipside media are responsible for drawing up such codes of practice for them selves individually. These are made to promote good practice and avoid legal issues. Applicants here could be helped out by being given some codes of practice to help them avoid some issues that may arise with the application task. Such an issue may me misrepresentation. The task requires the interviewing of "female victims and male offenders". This may be seen as bias and trying to insert a stereotype rather than using facts. This may offend some people and could be seen as manipulating a story or subject to make it more interesting.Because of such representation this can lead an audience to favour or reject certain people or places. This has lead some to say that the media can exacerbate social issues and problems instead of just bringing them to our attention. |Here in this case the fear would be that males would be seen as the sole offenders of sexual assault and that they couldn't also be victims.
We also have issues concerning the protection of children regarding the application task which asks the applicant to "plan and produce a short documentary that can be shown to children at a high school promoting the No means no date rape campaign. You should interview teenagers and other individuals who might be/have been affected by the topic, including female victims and male offenders".. The permission of parents would be needed to allow the filming of them as well as permission to allow students to watch the film. Regulatory bodies such as Ofcom have broadcasting codes designed to protect children. The applicant would have to be extremely careful also to not identify any victims or offender unless given permission as also stated by Ofcom  which states "Where statutory or other legal restrictions apply preventing personal identification, broadcasters should also be particularly careful not to provide clues which may lead to the identification of those who are not yet adult (the defining age may differ in different parts of the UK) and who are, or might be, involved as a victim, witness, defendant or other perpetrator in the case of sexual offences featured in criminal, civil or family court proceedings:
by reporting limited information which may be pieced together with
other information available elsewhere, for example in newspaper reports (the ‘jigsaw effect');
inadvertently, for example by describing an offence as "incest"; or
in any other indirect way."
It is also stated in the ofcom code that "Due care must be taken over the physical and emotional welfare and the dignity of people under eighteen who take part or are otherwise involved in programmes. This is irrespective of any consent given by the participant or by a parent, guardian or other person over the age of eighteen.
 People under eighteen must not be caused unnecessary distress or anxiety by their involvement in programmes or by the broadcast of those programmes."
Ofcom is required by The communications Act 2003 and The Broadcasting Act 1990 to draw up a code which they then enforce and so breaching this code may have consequences for the applicant.
Also a potential problem due to the requirement of "re-enactments" that are to be included infringe The Obscene Publications Act 1959 due the target audience of the documentary and lawyers may be required to determine whether any re-enactments were deemed legal.
The BBFC would also have to certificate the film to label it suitable for a certain age. Due to the sexual and violent topic. Due to this an the possible featuring of these in the film I would expect the film to be rated either a 15 or an 18. The BBFC states that films with:

• strong violence
•  frequent strong language (e.g. 'f***').
•   portrayals of sexual activity
•   strong verbal references to sex
•   sexual nudity
•   brief scenes of sexual violence or verbal references to sexual violence
•   discriminatory language or behaviour
•   drug taking

Would be classified as a 15 certificate making it illegal for anyone under the age of 15 to view such a film at a school. Which the applicant and company would have to be made aware of, this film could also be and 18 depending on how graphic and strong the scenes included are with BBFC stating 18 certificates can include:

• very strong violence
•   frequent strong language (e.g. 'f***') and / or very strong language (e.g. ‘c***’)
•   strong portrayals of sexual activity
•   scenes of sexual violence
•   strong horror
•   strong blood and gore
•   real sex (in some circumstances)
•   discriminatory language and behaviour.

If the film included these then it would not be suitable for high school children and therefore wouldn't be able to be shown.
We also have a potential problem in the use of " a popular song" as this would require an expensive copy right for it to be used legally. Any intellectual property is protected and can include a brand, an invention, a design, a song or any other intellectual property which can be bought, sold and owned. In this case the song would be owned by a record label which would have to be paid in order to purchase a copy right. This would be very expensive and much more the company have stated they will recompense.

In reading this I hope you will amend this job advertisement as to comply with all legislation, codes of practice and regulations mentioned previously.


Yours sincerely,



Adam Hunter.

Understanding developing technologies within the film and TV industry.